Model of Maternal Behavior in Pregnancy-Based Care Transcultural Care Theory (Sunrise Model) and Precede-Based

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Maternal mortality is still a problem in Indonesia. The current maternal mortality rate is 305 per 100.000 live births and is still far from the SDGs target, which is 70 per 100.000 live births in 2030. The direct causes of maternal death are related to maternal health conditions since pregnancy, while the indirect causes are related to social, economic conditions, behavior, community culture, and lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to develop a behavioral model based on transcultural care (sunrise model) and precede in caring for pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is an observational study, cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted from March to October 2021. The population in this study were all pregnant women who visited with a sample of several pregnant women in the working area of the Public Health Center of the Surabaya Health Service, Indonesia. The sample was determined using the rule of thumb formula, the sample size was 288 respondents and was selected by simple random sampling. The independent variables are Transcultural Care (technological factors, religion and philosophy of life, social and family attachments, cultural values and lifestyle, regulations and policies, economy, and education) and Precede (predisposing factors, supporting factors, and reinforcing factors). Inferential analysis was performed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. Path analysis model was performed on all latent variables, external model and internal model. RESULTS: Showed that the regularity of antenatal care was influenced by the factors of technology, religion and philosophy of life, social and family attachments, regulations and policies, education and the reinforcing factors. The accuracy of taking medication or vitamins in pregnant women was influenced by social and family attachments, cultural values and lifestyles, regulations and policies, economics, and the predisposing factors, enabling factors and reinfording factors. Diet in pregnant women was influenced by the factors of technology, social and family attachments, regulations and policies, predisposing factors, enabling factors and reinforcing factors. Monitoring of fetal movement in pregnant women was influenced by technological factors, predisposing factors and enabling factors. Activity patterns in pregnant women were influenced by the factors of religion and philosophy of life, cultural values and lifestyles, regulations and policies, education, enabling factors and reinforcing factors. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Transcultur Care and Preced Methods are proven to be effective in improving maternal health behavior in caring for pregnancy.