Inhibitory Activity of α-Glucosidase by the Extract and Fraction of Marine Sponge-Derived Fungus Penicillium citrinum Xt6

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin secretion or activity. Diabetes treatment may include inhibiting carbohydrate breakdown enzymes like α-glucosidase. Chemical compounds of the marine-derived fungus have the potential to inhibit α-glucosidase and, thus, could be used in therapy. Marine sponge-derived fungus lives in a colony on the tissues of living things. In the marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria DD-01, there is a colony of the fungus Penicillium citrinum Xt6. P. citrinum Xt6 has been reported to reduce blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase by the extracts and fractions of marine-derived fungus P. citrinum Xt6. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in vitro using p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) substrate and α-glucosidase enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ELISA was used to measuring the enzyme’s inhibition activity at the wavelength of 405 nm. Acarbose was used as the standard drug, which inhibits the activity of α-glucosidase. RESULTS: Inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of ethyl acetate extract was 37.39 μg/mL, methanol fraction was 60.01 μg/mL, n-hexane fraction was 75.45 μg/mL, and acarbose was 124.39 g/mL. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the extract and fraction of marine-derived fungus P. citrinum inhibit α-glucosidase activity. P. citrinum could be developed into an antidiabetic agent.