The Relationship between Smoking Habits, Physical Activity, and Drinking Alcohol with Cardiac Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cardiac disease is the number one cause of death in the world, including in Indonesia. According to the 2018 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of cardiac disease in Indonesian society based on doctor’s diagnosis is 1.5%. This means that out of one hundred Indonesians, 1.5 people suffer from cardiac disease. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between smoking habits, physical activity, and drinking alcohol with the cardiac disease in Indonesia. METHODS: This is a further data analysis of BASIC Health Research 2018, a national cross-sectional study in Indonesia. The research samples were all members in selected households. The samples analyzed were household members aged 10 years and over. The data were collected through interview using a structured questionnaire. The analysis was done using the Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression methods with complex sample approach. RESULTS: The results showed that the characteristics of the respondents, which were age, gender, education, occupation, and place of residence, had a significant relationship with cardiac disease (p < 0.001). Smoking habits, physical activity, and drinking alcohol also had a significant relationship with cardiac disease (p < 0.001). The results of the multivariate test showed that smoking habits and lack of physical activity were the factors that most influence the incidence of cardiovascular disease (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Smoking habits, physical activity, and drinking alcohol are significantly associated with the cardiac disease in people aged 10 years and over in Indonesia.