The Effectiveness Antimicrobial of Polysaccharide Gel from Durian Peel Ethanol Extract and Chitosan Gel

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Research on galenic bioactive compounds as antimicrobial agents needs to be developed. Durian peel ethanol extract is a polar polysaccharide consisting of D-galacturonic acid with -1,4 glycosidic bonds and can form a polysaccharide gel. Chitosan can be synthesized through the deacetylation of chitin as a compound (1.4)-2 amino-2deoxy D-glucopyranose and can form a gel in 1.5–2% acetic acid. The properties of chitosan are biodegradable, non-toxic, polycationic antimicrobial, and biocompatible. AIM: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the ethanolic extract of PG durian peel and CG as antimicrobial agents. METHODS: The research design was an experimental study and conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Health, Setia Budi University, Surakarta, in August–December 2020. The research stages were the extraction of durian skin polysaccharides, bioformulation of PG durian peel extract and CG, and antimicrobial activity testing using the diffusion method. RESULTS: The results showed PG durian peel ethanolic extract concentration (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 1.5%, and CG 1.5% %) or a combination of durian peel extract PG (1.5%) and CG (1.5%) 1:1 ratio; 1:2; 2:1 was antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhi ATCC 13311, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. PG durian peel ethanolic extract concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 1.5%, and CG 1.5% or a combination of durian peels ethanolic extract PG (1.5%) and CG (1.5%) ratio 1:1; 1:2; and 2:1 as an antimicrobial in vitro. CONCLUSION: PG durian peels ethanolic extract concentration 100% showed optimum effectiveness as an antimicrobial against B. subtilis ATCC 6633. Chitosan 1.5% showed optimal effectiveness as an antimicrobial against P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The effectiveness of the mixture of PG 1.5% and CG 1.5% ratio 1:2 showed optimum effectiveness against all test cultures.