Optimisation of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis as Bactericidal Agents

Abstract

AIM: With the increased bacterial resistance and the resulting problems in recent years, it seems necessary to find new biocompatible compounds to confront this problem. This research was conducted to optimise the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles with the highest antibacterial activity. METHODS: In the present study, 9 experiments were designed using the Taguchi method. The effect of three factors of cobalt nitrate, KOH and the stirring time in the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles with the highest antibacterial activity was investigated. The bactericidal effect of synthesised nanoparticles was evaluated using the colony-forming unit (CFU) and disk diffusion methods. The characteristics of nanoparticles were studied using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: The results indicated that all three evaluated factors were effective on the antibacterial properties of the synthesised nanoparticles. The best antibacterial activity of cobalt oxide nanoparticles was observed in experiment 9 (cobalt nitrate 0.6 M, KOH 2M and stirring time 60 min). The study of nanoparticles synthesised by FTIR, XRD, and SEM confirmed the formation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles with size (24 nm) and a proper structure (spinel structure). CONCLUSION: Due to the optimal antibacterial properties of the synthesised cobalt oxide nanoparticles, they can be used in the fabrication of dental and medical equipment with antibacterial properties.