Transforming Diabetes Management: A Study on the Effectiveness of Smartphone Applications in Enhancing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior of People with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Smartphone-based applications are important for increasing knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). AIM: This study was measuring the effectiveness of the smartphone-based Electronic-Muhammadiyah Chronic Disease Monitoring (E-MMCD) application to change knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in people with DM. METHODS: This study used quantitative methods with an explanatory design. This study begins with a preliminary study using secondary data from international journals from 2020 to 2023. The sample size in the quantitative study was 84 people with DM. The sampling technique uses the randomized control trial with a computer machine. The instrument used to determine differences in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior after the intervention is a valid and reliable questionnaire. Paired t-test was used to determine the difference before and after the intervention. RESULTS: The results of the normality test for the intervention group concluded that the distribution of knowledge data (p = 0.000) and the distribution of attitude data (p = 0.000) were not normal (p < 0.05) so the statistical test used was the Wilcoxon test. While the practice in the intervention group after the normality test was carried out, the data distribution was normal (p > 0.05), so the test used was the paired t-test. The results of the analysis test concluded that p = 0.019. This value indicates a difference in the average PSP before and after the E-MMCD intervention. CONCLUSION: The E-MMCD application effectively changes the knowledge and attitudes of people with DM in hospitals. A longer E-MMC intervention is needed to improve the behavior of people with DM.