Biologic drugs and allergen immunotherapy: potential allies
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Published:2023-10-20
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Volume:
Page:126-141
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ISSN:
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Container-title:Exploration of Asthma & Allergy
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language:
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Short-container-title:Explor Asthma Allergy
Author:
Carlucci Palma1ORCID, Spataro Federico1, Daddato Michelina Francesca1, Paoletti Giovanni2ORCID, Di Bona Danilo3ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70100 Bari, Italy 2. Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit-IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Milan, Italy 3. Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70100 Bari, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Medical Area Facilities c/o A.O.U. Ospedali Riuniti Medical Complex, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a proven efficacy treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergy, but its use in food allergy (FA) is still under investigation. Because some efficacy and safety concerns still remain, biologic drugs, including omalizumab and dupilumab, have been studied as an adjunctive therapy to AIT for these conditions. In this article, the evidence supporting the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as an add-on therapy to AIT for FA, AR, asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergy has been reviewed. The review will delve into the mechanisms of action of different mAbs, their efficacy, and how they can be integrated into personalized medicine approaches to treat allergic diseases. Furthermore, future research areas will be considered. Evidence suggests that omalizumab in combination with AIT may be a beneficial option for respiratory allergies or food desensitisation, especially during the escalation or build-up phase, when adverse events are more frequent. Currently, there is a small number of well-structured clinical trials in Hymenoptera venom allergy, and the available data consist mainly of single-case reports that provide information of limited value. Dupilumab has been studied as adjunctive therapy in patients with respiratory and FAs. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of dupilumab as monotherapy or as an adjunct to oral immunotherapy (OIT) in peanut allergy. Other studies are investigating the use of dupilumab in patients with multiple FAs and as an adjunct to milk OIT. Overall, mAbs have the potential to improve outcomes in various allergic conditions when used as an add-on to AIT, especially during the build-up phase. Further research is needed to fully understand their optimal dosing and duration of treatment, as well as to identify which patients may benefit the most from these therapies.
Publisher
Open Exploration Publishing
Subject
General Medicine,General Medicine,General Medicine,General Environmental Science,General Medicine,Ocean Engineering,General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Medicine,General Medicine,General Medicine
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