Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, beyond the musculoskeletal system

Author:

Atzeni Fabiola1ORCID,Alciati Alessandra2ORCID,Brikman Shay3,Mader Reuven3

Affiliation:

1. Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy

2. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa S. Benedetto Menni Hospital, 22032 Albese con Cassano, Como, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy

3. Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula 18101, Israel

Abstract

It has been suggested that diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), a skeletal disease characterized by the ligamentous ossification of the anterolateral spine, is a radiological entity with no clinical implications; however, many patients suffer from chronic back pain, decreased spinal mobility, and postural abnormalities. Additionally, the pathological new bone formation at the cervical and thoracic levels may mainly produce dysphagia and breathing disturbances. Over the last 20 years, a close association between DISH, obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and metabolic syndrome (MS) has emerged. However, a causal relationship has not yet been established. It has been suggested that the longer life expectancy and the growing incidence of MS in Western populations, associated with the tendency of DISH to manifest in later life, may increase the DISH prevalence rates in the following decades. Future investigations should focus on the early DISH phase to clarify pathogenetic mechanisms and identify targeted therapies.

Publisher

Open Exploration Publishing

Subject

General Medicine,General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Medicine,Ocean Engineering,General Medicine,General Medicine,General Medicine,General Medicine,General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Medicine

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