Infection after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament
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Published:2023-02-27
Issue:
Volume:
Page:26-30
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ISSN:
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Container-title:Exploration of Musculoskeletal Diseases
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Explor Musculoskeletal Dis
Author:
Krasin Elisha1ORCID, Morag Guy2, Gold Aviram2, Warschawski Yaniv2
Affiliation:
1. Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv 39040, Israel 2. Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 39040, Israel
Abstract
Aim: Postoperative infection after the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can destroy the knee cartilage, necessitate graft removal, and cause arthrofibrosis, instability, limitation of motion, chronic pain, and disability. While being an uncommon complication, the actual number of infected patients might be rather high due to a large number of operations performed. As the operation is usually indicated in young, healthy, and active individuals, failure to achieve the expected improvement, due to complications, is perceived as much graver. The purpose of this study was to analyze the infecting organisms in patients that underwent ACLR at our institution, a tertiary care center, for precise microbiological diagnosis and bacterial susceptibility and resistance to antibiotics.
Methods: The rate of infection, the infecting organisms, the antibiotic susceptibility, and the resistance were analyzed in 1,395 patients that underwent ACLR using descriptive statistics.
Results: Three patients (0.93%) were diagnosed with a postoperative infection; all underwent arthroscopic debridement and lavage. All infections were caused by Staphylococci [3 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, all oxacillin sensitive), 6 coagulase-negative Staphylococci (3 oxacillin resistant)]. No gram-negative, gastrointestinal tract bacteria, fungal or polymicrobial infections were detected. Thirty eight and a half percent of patients had returned to previous or near previous levels of activity.
Conclusions: Preventing infection by controlling risk factors, prophylactic antibiotics, proper surgical preparation, and surgical technique is mandatory. When infection does occur, rapid recognition and prompt treatment are necessary to avoid irreversible damage to the knee joint and the need for graft removal. Despite appropriate treatment, the functional outcomes were inferior to expected after an uncomplicated ACLR.
Publisher
Open Exploration Publishing
Subject
Polymers and Plastics,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous),General Engineering,General Materials Science,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Materials Chemistry,Polymers and Plastics,Biomedical Engineering,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,General Chemistry,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials,Materials Chemistry,Polymers and Plastics,Materials Chemistry,Polymers and Plastics,Ceramics and Composites,Materials Chemistry,Polymers and Plastics,General Chemistry,Polymers and Plastics,General Chemical Engineering,General Chemistry,General Engineering,Polymers and Plastics,Organic Chemistry
Reference10 articles.
1. Cowan DJ. Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by the method of Kenneth Jones (1963). Proc R Soc Med. 1965;58:336–8. 2. Filbay SR, Grindem H. Evidence-based recommendations for the management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019;33:33–47. 3. Kim TW, Kim DH, Oh WS, Kim BK, Sim JA, Lee BK. Infection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthrosc Orthop Sports Med. 2016;3:40–4. 4. Stucken C, Garras DN, Shaner JL, Cohen SB. Infections in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Sports Health. 2013;5:553–7. 5. Gobbi A, Karnatzikos G, Chaurasia S, Abhishek M, Bulgherhoni E, Lane J. Postoperative infection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Sports Health. 2016;8:187–9.
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