Commentary on Metabolic Health Disparities Affecting the Rio Grande Valley Mexican American Population: Seeking Answers Using Animal Models

Author:

Lopez-Alvarenga Juan Carlos1,Rasa Cordelia2,Banu Jameela3,Mito Shizue4,Chavez Alberto O.5,Reyna Sara M.6

Affiliation:

1. 1 Population Health and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX

2. 2 Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX

3. 3 Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX

4. 4 Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX

5. 5 Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX

6. 6 Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX

Abstract

Mexican Americans living in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The US–Mexico border frontier has a unique blended culture of American lifestyle and Mexican traditions. Some examples of the cultural traditions are the food and the use of herbal medicine, but these traditions are in danger of disappearing after a very short number of generations living in the United States. This article describes the use of animal models under experimental conditions to solve practical questions (etiology or treatment). We performed studies with murine (ie, mouse and rat) models to elucidate the characteristics of medicinal plants that modulate glucose metabolism and inflammation and protect from bone loss, complications related to T2D. The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley researchers also have collaborated with the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio researchers in performing studies in nonhuman primates (NHP) (ie, baboon) to understand the effect of T2D and diets on organs and tissues. With the new knowledge gained from the use of animal models (murine and NHP), new therapies are discovered for the prevention and treatment of T2D and its related complications, such as bone loss and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, all of which the Mexican American and other human populations are at high risk of developing.

Publisher

Ethnicity and Disease Inc

Subject

General Medicine,Epidemiology

Reference33 articles.

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2. Ryabov I, Merino, S. Recent demographic change in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas: the importance of domestic migration. J Borderl Stud. 2017;32(2):211–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1195704

3. Fisher-Hoch SP, Vatcheva KP, Laing ST, et al. Missed opportunities for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in a Mexican American population, Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, 2003–2008. Prev Chronic Dis.2012; 9:110298.https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd9.110298 PMID:22863308

4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report 2020. Last accessed September 9, 2022 from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html

5. Keegan L. Use of alternative therapies among Mexican Americans in the Texas Rio Grande Valley. J Holist Nurs. 1996;14(4):277–294. https://doi.org/10.1177/089801019601400402 PMID:9146186

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