The Neuroprotective Potential of Polyphenols in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract

Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases, which pose a significant challenge to ageing populations, are characterised by the progressive loss of neurons leading to a range of symptoms. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, share common pathological mechanisms such as protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Despite extensive research, effective treatments for these diseases remain elusive. However, polyphenols, natural compounds found abundantly in plants, have been receiving attention for their potential neuroprotective effects. This review explores the impact of selected polyphenols, including curcumin, resveratrol, ellagitannins, anthocyanins, quercetin and epigallocatechin gallate, on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In vitro and animal model studies have demonstrated promising outcomes, suggesting that polyphenols may modulate key pathways involved in neurodegeneration. However, there are limited data from human trials. Challenges such as bioavailability and optimal dosing hinder the translation of the results into clinical practice. Furthermore, multidisciplinary research teams and well-designed clinical trials are essential to unlock the full therapeutic potential of polyphenols in combating neurodegenerative diseases and improving patient outcomes. Information © The Author 2024