Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) pathogens of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MtbC) are of global importance in human, domestic animal and wildlife health, and are currently a major concern in conservation, threatening wildlife populations, particularly rare and endangered species. This book chapter discusses the recent emergence of a number of novel MtbC pathogens among African wildlife with a primary focus on M. mungi, a novel TB organism infecting banded mongoose (Mungos mungo). The complexity of factors that appear to influence infectious disease dynamics and host-pathogen systems are also explored.