Dengue virus: Epidemiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis, prevention and management of disease in Pakistan: Review

Abstract

Abstract Worldwide, the dengue virus (DENV) is a common cause of infections. The disease can range from a minor flu-like illness to a serious complex ailment that kills the sufferer. Both the morbidity and fatality rates associated with dengue fever (DF) are high in Pakistan and other Asian nations. Through a mosquito bite, the DENV is spread. DENV was isolated to specific regions of the tropics and subtropics until the middle of the 20th century. Global distribution of DF is influenced by a number of variables, including changing climate, rising international travel and urban population, poor vector management techniques, lack of safe and effective antiviral medications and a lack of vaccines to prevent the disease. In over 100 nations, DF poses a major threat to the lives of over 2.5 billion people. Today, DF is endemic to the Caribbean, South America, Africa and Asia. In actuality, 40% of the world’s population currently resides in nations where there is a significant risk of DF transmission. It has grown to be a significant health issue in Pakistan and is predicted to get worse over the next few years. In Pakistan, dengue cases increase in the rainfall season, especially during monsoon season. In Pakistan, the mosquito species Aedes aegypti is the main carrier of this disease. This review article summarizes the epidemiology, clinical aspects of DF and DHF, diagnosis, prevention and management of disease in Pakistan.