AbstractThis paper focuses on the parasitic nematodes of sugarcane, including Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Paratrichodorus, Xiphinema and Hoplolaimus spp. Their symptoms of damage, the environmental factors affecting their parasitism and pathogenicity, their economic importance and measures for their management (cultural and chemical control methods, and pest resistance).