The effects of food and hormones on protein turnover in the whole body and regions.

Abstract

The effects of food on protein turnover, including the different mechanisms of these effects are discussed. These include the immediate response to food, studied when food is given continuously or at frequent intervals; the effect of different diets in subjects adapted to them; and the effect of long-standing undernutrition. Also, the effects of hormones, viz. insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, thyroid hormones, growth hormones and glucocorticoids on protein turnover in the whole body, limb and splanchnic region are discussed as well.