Abstract
This chapter discusses citrus breeding with respect to: the importance of haploids and doubled haploids; haploid and haploid production; gynogenesis; anther and isolated microspore technique; factors affecting in vitro pollen embryogenesis, i.e. genotype, stage of pollen development, physiological condition of the donor plant, pretreatment, culture medium, carbon source, plant growth regulators, activated charcoal, other substances, pH, solidifying agents, incubation conditions; embryo development from microspores and the origin of haploids; plant recovery, hardening and characterization. The applications of haploids, doubled haploids and gamete biotechnology in citrus breeding are also reviewed.