Apple rootstocks.

Abstract

This chapter covers the species, cultivars and sub-clones of apples used as rootstocks, as well as the different methods of rootstock propagation; the effects of rootstock on the growth and adaptability to environmental conditions of scions; breeding of new apple rootstocks; apple rootstocks propagated from seeds; vegetatively propagated rootstock clones and sub-clones used to control tree vigour; clonal rootstocks used to adapt trees to unfavourable conditions such as plant pathogens and pests, freezing and drought; and use of interstocks and interstems.