AbstractA case study is presented concerning the introduction of ecotourism into two villages in the rural hinterland of Fiji. Some of issues faced by the inhabitants of the two villages and the tour operator involved in the project are described. The chapter focuses on the development of whitewater recreation and how it is perceived in the villages of Nakavika and Nabukelevu, which have hitherto relied primarily on subsistence farming and, in the case of Nabukelevu, the sale of timber. It is suggested that alternative tourism that develops slowly and leaves control with local people is less likely to have negative implication when introducing ecotourism into a rural area with no previous experience of tourism.