Soft fruit applications.

Abstract

This paper focuses on the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) on the control of pests of blueberries, cane fruits (raspberries and blackberries), cranberries, currants, gooseberries, grapes and strawberries. Field efficacy of EPNs for root weevils (Otiorhynchus spp.), white grubs (Scarabaeidae), raspberry crown borer (Pennisetia marginata), cranberry girdler (Chrysoteuchia topiaria), cranberry rootworm (Rhabdopterus picipes [Allophylax picipes]), currant borer (Synanthedon tipuliformis), grape root borer (Vitacea polistiformis), grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae [Viteus vitifoliae]), strawberry crown borer (Tyloderma fragariae), strawberry crown moth (Synanthedon bibionipennis), and the factors affecting EPN efficacy (e.g. soil temperature, soil moisture, clay content, root morphology and application methods) are discussed.