1. Alkamper J Manig W 1972. Weed control in teff. Berichte aus der Abteilung fur Herbologie an der-Universitat Hohenheim 1972 No. 3 65-80.
2. Anon 2003. Invasive and exotic species of North America. The University of Georgia USA. http://www.invasive.org/.
3. Bebawi FF Neugebohrn L 1991. A review of plants of northern Sudan with special reference to their uses. A review of plants of northern Sudan with special reference to their uses. 294pp.; [many col. pl. 1 map]; 10 ref.
4. Berhaut J 1967. Flore du Senegal. Dakar Senegal: Editions Clairafrique.
5. Clayton WD Renvoize SA 1982. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Graminea (Part 3). Rotterdam The Netherlands: A.A. Balkema 448 pp.