Abstract
This chapter focuses on the 2010 floods in Pakistan's Southern Punjab province and their aftermath. The central argument is that the devastating impact of the floods was partially man-made. They hit poorer farming communities especially hard, while connected commercial farming interests lobbied successfully to spare their operations from relief flooding along the canal and irrigation infrastructure. Poor water management practices rooted in the colonial era thus served as a major source of grievance for public protests and conflict against the central government. The chapter views these within the ecological agrarian question and rejects the narrative that emphasizes only Islamic or ethno-nationalist dimensions in explaining post-flood conflicts.