Abstract
The highlights of this chapter focused on the following: ways to identify the common breathing systems, proper selection of an appropriate breathing system for a patient, tests that a breathing system is safe and ready for use, calculation of the oxygen flows required, intubating a patient, assessing the depth of anaesthesia, monitoring anaesthesia using the pulse palpation and pulse oximeter, monitoring heart rate using oesophageal stethoscope, and lastly measure blood pressure using a Doppler.