Entomopathogenic nematodes: general biology and behaviour.

Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) parasitize the insect host by entering into the host body, and they lead an endoparasitic mode of life. The symbiotic bacteria associated with them play an important role in the suppression of insect pests. Approximately 30-500 symbiotic bacteria (including Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp.) are reported to be associated with the two nematodes, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. EPNs and the symbiotic bacteria control a wide range of insect pests living in the soil and in cryptic habits. This chapter focuses on the general biology of EPNs. The symbiotic relationships of nematodes and bacteria, and the survival biology (including cold, heat and desiccation tolerance) and foraging behaviour of nematodes are discussed in detail.