AbstractThis chapter examines aspects of South African and Botswana national tourism agendas and approaches with regard to development among indigenous peoples. The comparative case study focuses on two communities - the Khomani of Witdraai, in the Northern Cape of South Africa, and the !Xoo in Ngwatle, southern Botswana. The methodology incorporates auto-ethnography read through field experiences from 2001-2008, interviews and observations from the field and draws on research undertaken since 1995. Botswana's development agenda urges Bushmen to be 'citizens-in-the-making' and views tradition as inimical to development, therefore embodying the ideology of modernization. In contrast, South Africa's development agenda valorizes Bushmen as First People and, as a result, many development agendas for indigenous people involve cultural tourism. Respect for Bushmen in South Africa is therefore a far cry from Botswana's attitude.