Abstract
This chapter explores the context and scope of sports and adventure tourism. Rooted in theoretical underpinning, the chapter discusses how industrial growth reflects today's emerging society and the role that sport and adventure activities play. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for active participation are investigated alongside an analysis of sport and adventure tourist typologies. Through the use of international case studies, the chapter then explores the wider effects of the industry, paying particular attention to the politics of health, the economy and societal impacts.