AbstractThe diagnostic methods for toxocariasis are discussed in this chapter. The rationale for treatment with anthelmintic drugs are described. A review of benzimidazole derivatives against human toxocariasis including albendazole, mebendazole, thiabendazole, diethylcarbamazine (DEC), and ivermectin is provided. In addition, this chapter discusses patients eligible for therapy, post-treatment follow-up, and prophylaxis for toxocariasis. It is concluded that corticosteroids are indicated for the treatment of acute inflammatory manifestations of both visceral larva migrans and ocular toxocariasis. The appropriate drug for treating toxocariasis depends on several factors including what is licensed and available for use in a physician's country as well as a physician's previous experience with treating toxocariasis. DEC, if available, is probably more effective than albendazole for the treatment of toxocariasis. Mebendazole is available in many countries and would appear to be a good alternative to DEC, e.g. if the occurrence of major DEC-related side effects is feared.