Root herbivory in forest ecosystems.

Abstract

Some of the few generalities that appear to be emerging from studies of root herbivores in forests are discussed. Topics covered include: the architecture of tree roots; the importance of fine roots; measurement of root herbivory in forests; variation in root nutritional quality; root defences; the effects of root herbivores on tree performance and forest dynamics; relationship of root herbivores with mycorrhizal fungi; interactions between root and shoot feeders in forests; global change and forest root herbivores.