AbstractThis chapter covers the morphology, distribution, life cycle, seasonality, host specificity, survival in the host, feeding, transmission, pathogenicity, clinical aspects and diagnosis of lice species infesting sheep and goats. Focus is given on Bovicola ovis, Linognathus stenopsis, Linognathus pedalis, Linognathus ovillus, Linognathus africanus, Bovicola limbata, Bovicola peregrina, Bovicola caprae and Bovicola crassipes.