Changes in Biogenic Amines and Microbiological Analysis in Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) Muscle during Frozen Storage

Abstract

Albacore specimens of extra quality were analyzed for their biogenic amine contents after 1, 3, 6, and 9 months of frozen storage at −18°C or −25°C. A high-performance liquid chromatography method involving a linear elution gradient was optimized for the identification and determination of putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, spermidine, and spermine in albacore tuna. Putrescine was the biogenic amine that showed the highest increase, reaching concentrations of 59.04 ppm (815% of the initial level) and 68.26 ppm (942% of the initial level) in the white muscle of albacore after 9 months of frozen storage at −18 and −25°C, respectively. Cadaverine, histamine, and spermidine concentrations were below 3, 5, and 11 ppm, respectively, after 9 months of frozen storage, while spermidine underwent a significant decrease at both storage temperatures. Microbiological analysis confirmed the absence of species of Enterobacteriaceae in 75% of the albacore specimens after 9 months of frozen storage; coliforms were always below 3 CFU/g. The survival rate of the psychrotrophic microorganisms after 9 months of frozen storage at −25°C was 4.6%, while 38.9 and 92.1% of the aerobic mesophiles present in the white muscle of albacore before freezing survived 9 months of storage at −18 and −25°C, respectively.