Natural Enterovirus and Fecal Coliform Contamination of Gulf Coast Oysters

Abstract

The numbers of fecal coliforms and enteroviruses present in oysters and/or their growing waters of two Mississippi reefs were determined over a 12-month period. Bacterial and viral levels reflected the classification of the waters at each location as set by the Mississippi State Board of Health in compliance with the National Shellfish Sanitation Program, but statistically significant correlations between these levels were not observed. Twelve viral isolates were found at an approved oyster harvesting location, eight of which were identified as poliovirus type 1. At the prohibited site, 146 viruses were isolated including poliovirus types 1 and 2, echovirus type 24 and several isolates which remain to be identified. The number of virus isolates from samples from each location represented approximately 35% of the number of plaques observed; however, no consistent ratio of plaque to confirmed virus was demonstrated. The results suggest that the fecal coliform levels in oyster growing waters do not reflect the level of virus contaminaton in either approved or prohibited waters.