Fate of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) during Cooking: Concentration, Composition, and Distribution

Author:

Turnbull Alison1,Malhi Navreet1,Tan Jessica1,Harwood D. Tim2,Madigan Thomas1

Affiliation:

1. South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide 5000, Australia; and

2. The Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand

Abstract

ABSTRACTParalytic shellfish toxin (PST) producing microalgal blooms have a significant economic impact on the Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) fishery in Tasmania, Australia. The regulatory level of 0.8 mg of saxitoxin (STX) eq/kg in place for bivalve shellfish fisheries is applied to lobster hepatopancreas during blooms of toxic algae, resulting in harvest closures and ongoing risk management implications for the fishery. This cooking study was undertaken to inform a human health risk assessment, in conjunction with studies on the uptake and elimination of PST in J. edwardsii. Live lobsters in tanks were contaminated through consumption of PST-containing mussels harvested during an Alexandrium tamarense Group 1 bloom event. This resulted in a mean lobster hepatopancreas level of 2.83 ± 0.84 mg of STX·2HCl eq/kg. Other edible tissues contained negligible concentrations of toxin. PST concentrations in all tissues did not significantly change after boiling or steaming, although the amount of hepatopancreas available for consumption did decrease significantly with both cooking methods, because the tissue became more dispersed, resulting in an overall reduction in the toxin exposure per hepatopancreas consumed. The toxin profile was dominated by STX; gonyautoxin 2, 3; N-sulfocarbamoyl-gonyautoxin 2, 3 (C1,2); and gonyautoxin 5. No significant changes to the toxin profile were observed after either of the cooking methods. Pâté, bisque, and soufflé prepared from the hepatopancreas of toxic lobsters contained negligible levels of PST in each serving; on average, a serving of pâté contained 0.01 mg of STX·2HCl eq, whereas a serving of bisque or soufflé contained <0.01 mg of STX·2HCl eq. The findings of this study will inform a risk assessment of PST in J. edwardsii to determine risk management options for this fishery in Australia.

Publisher

International Association for Food Protection

Subject

Microbiology,Food Science

Reference22 articles.

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3. The life of a Southern Rock Lobster;Anonymous,2014

4. Development of a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for high throughputanalysis of paralytic shellfish toxins using graphitised carbon solidphase extraction;Boundy;J. Chromatogr. A,2015

5. Campbell, A., D.Hudson, C.McLeod, C.Nicholls, and A.Pointon. 2013. Tactical research fund: review of the 2012 paralytic shellfish toxin event in Tasmania associated with the dinoflagellate alga, Alexandrium tamarense. Project 2012/060 Appendix to the final report. Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, Adelaide, Australia.

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