Persistence of Indigenous Escherichia coli in Raw Bovine Manure-Amended Soil

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Food Safety Modernization Act attempts to reduce produce-related foodborne illness by using preventive rather than reactive measures. The goal of this research was to determine the persistence of manure-borne generic Escherichia coli under laboratory and field conditions. The population density of naturally occurring E. coli was ∼7.2 and 5.4 log CFU/10 g in pre- and postscreened manures, respectively. Postscreened (i.e. after the liquid manure has passed through a screen) manure was applied at light, medium, and heavy rates to fields in Live Oak and Citra, FL, during the fall and summer. Laboratory microcosms of the manure-amended soils (comparable to the field's heavy application rate of manure) from both locations were maintained at 20 and 30°C. Persistence of E. coli, moisture content, and pH were monitored until E. coli became unrecoverable. The longest E. coli persistence seen in field trails was during the summer and fall trials from Citra (heavy application) that terminated on day 112 and day 280, respectively. The rate of E. coli decay ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 log CFU per day across all manure application rates, seasons, and locations. In the microcosm studies, the E. coli became extinct on day 210 in the 30°C, whereas they became unrecoverable on day 420 in the 20°C microcosms. The relatively prolonged persistence of E. coli in the microcosms suggests that survival under laboratory conditions does not mimic real-world survival rates and may not be adequate for predicting E. coli persistence in the field. The persistence data also suggest that the risk from E. coli associated with new contamination events, such as wild life intrusion, runoff, or other vectors, may be greater than the risk associated with the long-term survival of manure-borne E. coli, although more work is needed to confirm this hypothesis.