Documented Outbreaks of Toxoplasmosis: Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to Humans

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis, a disease of mammals and birds, is caused by the obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Infection by the parasite is common (35–50% of the U.S. population are infected), but the disease, toxoplasmosis, is relatively rare and outbreaks of the disease are seldom seen. Documented outbreaks of toxoplasmosis are discussed to illustrate conditions that lead to outbreaks and how T. gondii is transmitted to humans. Recommendations are made of means to prevent introduction of the parasite into the environment and food supply as well as control mechanisms to prevent infection in humans and animals.