Isolation and Characterization of Antagonists for the Biocontrol of the Postharvest Wound Pathogen Botrytis cinerea on Strawberry Fruits

Abstract

Antagonistic bacteria and yeasts were isolated from the epiphytic flora of stored strawberry fruits and evaluated for their ability to protect strawberry fruit wounds after harvest against Botrytis cinerea. Among selected potential antagonists, three strains of Candida reukaufii (5L3, 10CL4, 10L2) and one strain of Candida pulcherima (10L8) still protected fruit wounds when applied at 103 CFU/wound, reducing lesion or conidiophore development. In the same conditions, two Enterobacteriaceae (10B1, 5B4) highly reduced pathogen development. Strain 5B4 was still highly inhibitory when inoculated at 102 CFU/wound. The six strains applied on fruits did not produce any significant change in color, brightness, and firmness of fruits. The two yeasts, 5L3 and 10L8, and particularly the two bacteria, 5B4 and 10B1, were selected for further studies. The four antagonists effectively colonized fruit wounds and strongly inhibited spore germination of B. cinerea in vitro. The bacterial cells surrounded the germinating spores of B. cinerea and attachment of 5L3 cells on germinating spores were additionally observed. Bacterial antagonists, particularly the strain 5B4, multiplied and rapidly used carbohydrates in strawberry fruit juice despite the low pH (pH 3.5). The efficiency of the bacterial antagonists on fruit wounds was related to their growth and nutritional properties.