Evaporation from the Lunar Magma Ocean Was Not the Mechanism for Fractionation of the Moon’s Moderately Volatile Elements

Author:

Tang H.ORCID,Young E. D.ORCID

Abstract

Abstract The cause of chemical depletion and isotopic fractionation of moderately volatile elements (MVEs) in the Moon is a long-standing problem. Here we examine MVE isotopic fractionation during Moon formation using potassium as a primary example. We show that the degree of isotopic fractionation due to evaporation of the lunar magma ocean (LMO) depended critically on the vapor pressure above the LMO. Based on our analysis of evaporation and escape of the resulting rock-vapor atmosphere, LMO evaporation alone could not have caused the observed MVE isotopic compositions. The combination of exposure of the liquid of the LMO to the surface for on the order of 102–103 yr, near-equilibrium evaporation at the melt surface, and hydrodynamic escape facilitated by proximity of the Earth leads to no resolvable isotope or elemental fractionation. This study provides a basis for the simplifying assumption that rock vapor immediately above a magma ocean will be in thermodynamic equilibrium with the melt at the surface of the planetary body even where hydrodynamic escape is operative.

Funder

NASA Emerging Worlds

Publisher

American Astronomical Society

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1. Effect of Equation of State and Cutoff Density in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulations of the Moon-forming Giant Impact;The Planetary Science Journal;2024-01-01

2. Composition, structure, and origin of the Moon;Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences;2024

3. Origin of the Earth;Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences;2024

4. Chalcogen isotopes reveal limited volatile contribution from late veneer to Earth;Science Advances;2023-12-08

5. Isotopic fractionation of chlorine and potassium during chloride sublimation under lunar conditions;Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta;2023-07

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