Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Published:2021-04-01 Issue:1 Volume:911 Page:L11
ISSN:2041-8205
Container-title:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
language:
Short-container-title:ApJL

Author:

Algaba J. C.^ORCID,Anczarski J.^ORCID,Asada K.,Baloković M.^ORCID,Chandra S.^ORCID,Cui Y.-Z.^ORCID,Falcone A. D.^ORCID,Giroletti M.^ORCID,Goddi C.^ORCID,Hada K.^ORCID,Haggard D.^ORCID,Jorstad S.^ORCID,Kaur A.^ORCID,Kawashima T.^ORCID,Keating G.^ORCID,Kim J.-Y.^ORCID,Kino M.^ORCID,Komossa S.^ORCID,Kravchenko E. V.^ORCID,Krichbaum T. P.^ORCID,Lee S.-S.^ORCID,Lu R.-S.^ORCID,Lucchini M.,Markoff S.^ORCID,Neilsen J.^ORCID,Nowak M. A.^ORCID,Park J.^ORCID,Principe G.^ORCID,Ramakrishnan V.^ORCID,Reynolds M. T.^ORCID,Sasada M.^ORCID,Savchenko S. S.^ORCID,Williamson K. E.^ORCID,Akiyama Kazunori^ORCID,Alberdi Antxon^ORCID,Alef Walter,Anantua Richard^ORCID,Azulay Rebecca^ORCID,Baczko Anne-Kathrin^ORCID,Ball David,Barrett John^ORCID,Bintley Dan,Benson Bradford A.^ORCID,Blackburn Lindy^ORCID,Blundell Raymond^ORCID,Boland Wilfred,Bouman Katherine L.^ORCID,Bower Geoffrey C.^ORCID,Boyce Hope^ORCID,Bremer Michael,Brinkerink Christiaan D.^ORCID,Brissenden Roger^ORCID,Britzen Silke^ORCID,Broderick Avery E.^ORCID,Broguiere Dominique,Bronzwaer Thomas^ORCID,Byun Do-Young^ORCID,Carlstrom John E.,Chael Andrew^ORCID,Chan Chi-kwan^ORCID,Chatterjee Shami^ORCID,Chatterjee Koushik^ORCID,Chen Ming-Tang,Chen Yongjun,Chesler Paul M.^ORCID,Cho Ilje^ORCID,Christian Pierre^ORCID,Conway John E.^ORCID,Cordes James M.,Crawford Thomas M.^ORCID,Crew Geoffrey B.^ORCID,Cruz-Osorio Alejandro^ORCID,Davelaar Jordy^ORCID,De Laurentis Mariafelicia^ORCID,Deane Roger^ORCID,Dempsey Jessica^ORCID,Desvignes Gregory^ORCID,Dexter Jason^ORCID,Doeleman Sheperd S.^ORCID,Eatough Ralph P.^ORCID,Falcke Heino^ORCID,Farah Joseph^ORCID,Fish Vincent L.^ORCID,Fomalont Ed,Ford H. Alyson^ORCID,Fraga-Encinas Raquel^ORCID,Friberg Per,Fromm Christian M.,Fuentes Antonio^ORCID,Galison Peter^ORCID,Gammie Charles F.^ORCID,García Roberto^ORCID,Gentaz Olivier,Georgiev Boris^ORCID,Gold Roman^ORCID,Gómez José L.,Gómez-Ruiz Arturo I.^ORCID,Gu Minfeng^ORCID,Gurwell Mark^ORCID,Hecht Michael H.,Hesper Ronald^ORCID,Ho Luis C.^ORCID,Ho Paul,Honma Mareki^ORCID,Huang Chih-Wei L.^ORCID,Huang Lei,Hughes David H.,Ikeda Shiro^ORCID,Inoue Makoto,Issaoun Sara^ORCID,James David J.^ORCID,Jannuzi Buell T.,Janssen Michael^ORCID,Jeter Britton^ORCID,Jiang Wu^ORCID,Jiménez-Rosales Alejandra^ORCID,Johnson Michael D.^ORCID,Jung Taehyun^ORCID,Karami Mansour^ORCID,Karuppusamy Ramesh^ORCID,Kettenis Mark^ORCID,Kim Dong-Jin^ORCID,Kim Jongsoo,Kim Junhan^ORCID,Koay Jun Yi^ORCID,Kofuji Yutaro,Koch Patrick M.^ORCID,Koyama Shoko^ORCID,Kramer Michael^ORCID,Kramer Carsten^ORCID,Kuo Cheng-Yu,Lauer Tod R.^ORCID,Levis Aviad^ORCID,Li Yan-Rong^ORCID,Li Zhiyuan^ORCID,Lindqvist Michael^ORCID,Lico Rocco^ORCID,Lindahl Greg^ORCID,Liu Jun^ORCID,Liu Kuo^ORCID,Liuzzo Elisabetta^ORCID,Lo Wen-Ping,Lobanov Andrei P.,Loinard Laurent^ORCID,Lonsdale Colin,MacDonald Nicholas R.^ORCID,Mao Jirong^ORCID,Marchili Nicola^ORCID,Marrone Daniel P.^ORCID,Marscher Alan P.^ORCID,Martí-Vidal Iván^ORCID,Matsushita Satoki^ORCID,Matthews Lynn D.^ORCID,Medeiros Lia^ORCID,Menten Karl M.^ORCID,Mizuno Izumi^ORCID,Mizuno Yosuke^ORCID,Moran James M.^ORCID,Moriyama Kotaro^ORCID,Moscibrodzka Monika^ORCID,Müller Cornelia^ORCID,Musoke Gibwa^ORCID,Mejías Alejandro Mus^ORCID,Nagai Hiroshi^ORCID,Nagar Neil M.^ORCID,Nakamura Masanori^ORCID,Narayan Ramesh^ORCID,Narayanan Gopal,Natarajan Iniyan^ORCID,Nathanail Antonios,Neri Roberto,Ni Chunchong^ORCID,Noutsos Aristeidis^ORCID,Okino Hiroki,Olivares Héctor^ORCID,Ortiz-León Gisela N.^ORCID,Oyama Tomoaki,Özel Feryal,Palumbo Daniel C. M.^ORCID,Patel Nimesh,Pen Ue-Li^ORCID,Pesce Dominic W.^ORCID,Piétu Vincent,Plambeck Richard,PopStefanija Aleksandar,Porth Oliver^ORCID,Pötzl Felix M.^ORCID,Prather Ben^ORCID,Preciado-López Jorge A.^ORCID,Psaltis Dimitrios,Pu Hung-Yi^ORCID,Rao Ramprasad^ORCID,Rawlings Mark G.,Raymond Alexander W.^ORCID,Rezzolla Luciano^ORCID,Ricarte Angelo^ORCID,Ripperda Bart^ORCID,Roelofs Freek^ORCID,Rogers Alan,Ros Eduardo^ORCID,Rose Mel^ORCID,Roshanineshat Arash,Rottmann Helge,Roy Alan L.^ORCID,Ruszczyk Chet^ORCID,Rygl Kazi L. J.^ORCID,Sánchez Salvador,Sánchez-Arguelles David^ORCID,Savolainen Tuomas^ORCID,Schloerb F. Peter,Schuster Karl-Friedrich,Shao Lijing^ORCID,Shen Zhiqiang^ORCID,Small Des^ORCID,Sohn Bong Won^ORCID,SooHoo Jason^ORCID,Sun He^ORCID,Tazaki Fumie^ORCID,Tetarenko Alexandra J.^ORCID,Tiede Paul^ORCID,Tilanus Remo P. J.^ORCID,Titus Michael^ORCID,Toma Kenji^ORCID,Torne Pablo^ORCID,Trent Tyler,Traianou Efthalia^ORCID,Trippe Sascha^ORCID,van Bemmel Ilse^ORCID,van Langevelde Huib Jan^ORCID,van Rossum Daniel R.^ORCID,Wagner Jan,Ward-Thompson Derek^ORCID,Wardle John^ORCID,Weintroub Jonathan^ORCID,Wex Norbert^ORCID,Wharton Robert^ORCID,Wielgus Maciek^ORCID,Wong George N.^ORCID,Wu Qingwen^ORCID,Yoon Doosoo^ORCID,Young André^ORCID,Young Ken^ORCID,Younsi Ziri^ORCID,Yuan Feng^ORCID,Yuan Ye-Fei,Zensus J. Anton^ORCID,Zhao Guang-Yao^ORCID,Zhao Shan-Shan^ORCID,Principe G.^ORCID,Giroletti M.^ORCID,D’Ammando F.,Orienti M.,Abdalla H.,Adam R.,Aharonian F.,Benkhali F. Ait,Angüner E. O.,Arcaro C.^ORCID,Armand C.,Armstrong T.,Ashkar H.,Backes M.^ORCID,Baghmanyan V.,Barbosa Martins V.^ORCID,Barnacka A.,Barnard M.,Becherini Y.,Berge D.^ORCID,Bernlöhr K.,Bi B.,Böttcher M.^ORCID,Boisson C.,Bolmont J.,de Bony de Lavergne M.,Breuhaus M.^ORCID,Brun F.,Brun P.,Bryan M.,Büchele M.,Bulik T.^ORCID,Bylund T.,Caroff S.^ORCID,Carosi A.,Casanova S.^ORCID,Chand T.^ORCID,Chen A.,Cotter G.,Curyło M.,Damascene Mbarubucyeye J.,Davids I. D.,Davies J.,Deil C.,Devin J.,deWilt P.,Dirson L.,Djannati-Ataï A.,Dmytriiev A.,Donath A.,Doroshenko V.,Duffy C.,Dyks J.,Egberts K.,Eichhorn F.,Einecke S.^ORCID,Emery G.,Ernenwein J.-P.,Feijen K.,Fegan S.,Fiasson A.,de Clairfontaine G. Fichet,Fontaine G.,Funk S.^ORCID,Füßling M.,Gabici S.,Gallant Y. A.,Giavitto G.^ORCID,Giunti L.,Glawion D.,Glicenstein J. F.,Gottschall D.,Grondin M.-H.,Hahn J.,Haupt M.,Hermann G.,Hinton J. A.^ORCID,Hofmann W.,Hoischen C.^ORCID,Holch T. L.^ORCID,Holler M.,Hörbe M.,Horns D.^ORCID,Huber D.,Jamrozy M.,Jankowsky D.,Jankowsky F.,Jardin-Blicq A.,Joshi V.^ORCID,Jung-Richardt I.,Kasai E.,Kastendieck M. A.,Katarzyński K.,Katz U.^ORCID,Khangulyan D.,Khélifi B.,Klepser S.^ORCID,Kluźniak W.,Komin Nu.^ORCID,Konno R.^ORCID,Kosack K.^ORCID,Kostunin D.,Kreter M.,Lamanna G.,Lemière A.,Lemoine-Goumard M.,Lenain J.-P.^ORCID,Levy C.,Lohse T.,Lypova I.,Mackey J.,Majumdar J.,Malyshev D.^ORCID,Malyshev D.,Marandon V.,Marchegiani P.,Marcowith A.,Mares A.,Martí-Devesa G.,Marx R.,Maurin G.,Meintjes P. J.,Meyer M.,Moderski R.,Mohamed M.,Mohrmann L.,Montanari A.,Moore C.,Morris P.,Moulin E.^ORCID,Muller J.,Murach T.^ORCID,Nakashima K.,Nayerhoda A.,de Naurois M.,Ndiyavala H.,Niederwanger F.^ORCID,Niemiec J.,Oakes L.,O’Brien P.,Odaka H.,Ohm S.^ORCID,Olivera-Nieto L.,de Ona Wilhelmi E.,Ostrowski M.,Panter M.,Panny S.,Parsons R. D.,Peron G.,Peyaud B.,Piel Q.,Pita S.,Poireau V.,Noel A. Priyana,Prokhorov D. A.,Prokoph H.,Pühlhofer G.,Punch M.,Quirrenbach A.,Rauth R.,Reichherzer P.,Reimer A.^ORCID,Reimer O.^ORCID,Remy Q.,Renaud M.,Rieger F.^ORCID,Rinchiuso L.^ORCID,Romoli C.^ORCID,Rowell G.^ORCID,Rudak B.,Ruiz-Velasco E.^ORCID,Sahakian V.,Sailer S.^ORCID,Sanchez D. A.,Santangelo A.^ORCID,Sasaki M.^ORCID,Scalici M.,Schutte H. M.^ORCID,Schwanke U.,Schwemmer S.,Seglar-Arroyo M.,Senniappan M.,Seyffert A. S.,Shafi N.,Shiningayamwe K.,Simoni R.,Sinha A.,Sol H.,Specovius A.,Spencer S.,Spir-Jacob M.,Stawarz Ł.,Sun L.,Steenkamp R.,Stegmann C.,Steinmassl S.,Steppa C.^ORCID,Takahashi T.,Tavernier T.,Taylor A. M.,Terrier R.^ORCID,Tiziani D.,Tluczykont M.,Tomankova L.,Trichard C.,Tsirou M.,Tuffs R.,Uchiyama Y.,van der Walt D. J.,van Eldik C.^ORCID,van Rensburg C.,van Soelen B.^ORCID,Vasileiadis G.,Veh J.,Venter C.^ORCID,Vincent P.,Vink J.^ORCID,Völk H. J.,Vuillaume T.,Wadiasingh Z.,Wagner S. J.,Watson J.,Werner F.,White R.,Wierzcholska A.,Wong Yu Wun,Yusafzai A.,Zacharias M.^ORCID,Zanin R.^ORCID,Zargaryan D.,Zdziarski A. A.,Zech A.^ORCID,Zhu S. J.,Zorn J.^ORCID,Zouari S.^ORCID,Żywucka N.^ORCID,Acciari V. A.^ORCID,Ansoldi S.^ORCID,Antonelli L. A.^ORCID,Engels A. Arbet^ORCID,Artero M.,Asano K.,Baack D.^ORCID,Babić A.^ORCID,Baquero A.^ORCID,de Almeida U. Barres^ORCID,Barrio J. A.^ORCID,Becerra González J.^ORCID,Bednarek W.^ORCID,Bellizzi L.,Bernardini E.^ORCID,Bernardos M.,Berti A.^ORCID,Besenrieder J.,Bhattacharyya W.^ORCID,Bigongiari C.^ORCID,Biland A.^ORCID,Blanch O.^ORCID,Bonnoli G.^ORCID,Bošnjak Ž.^ORCID,Busetto G.^ORCID,Carosi R.^ORCID,Ceribella G.,Cerruti M.^ORCID,Chai Y.^ORCID,Chilingarian A.^ORCID,Cikota S.,Colak S. M.^ORCID,Colombo E.^ORCID,Contreras J. L.^ORCID,Cortina J.^ORCID,Covino S.^ORCID,D’Amico G.^ORCID,D’Elia V.^ORCID,Da Vela P.,Dazzi F.^ORCID,De Angelis A.^ORCID,De Lotto B.^ORCID,Delfino M.^ORCID,Delgado J.^ORCID,Delgado Mendez C.^ORCID,Depaoli D.^ORCID,Di Pierro F.^ORCID,Di Venere L.^ORCID,Do Souto Espiñeira E.^ORCID,Dominis Prester D.^ORCID,Donini A.^ORCID,Dorner D.^ORCID,Doro M.^ORCID,Elsaesser D.^ORCID,Fallah Ramazani V.^ORCID,Fattorini A.^ORCID,Ferrara G.^ORCID,Fonseca M. V.^ORCID,Font L.^ORCID,Fruck C.^ORCID,Fukami S.,García López R. J.^ORCID,Garczarczyk M.^ORCID,Gasparyan S.,Gaug M.^ORCID,Giglietto N.^ORCID,Giordano F.^ORCID,Gliwny P.^ORCID,Godinović N.^ORCID,Green J. G.^ORCID,Green D.^ORCID,Hadasch D.^ORCID,Hahn A.^ORCID,Heckmann L.^ORCID,Herrera J.^ORCID,Hoang J.^ORCID,Hrupec D.^ORCID,Hütten M.^ORCID,Inada T.,Inoue S.^ORCID,Ishio K.,Iwamura Y.,Jiménez I.,Jormanainen J.,Jouvin L.^ORCID,Kajiwara Y.,Karjalainen M.^ORCID,Kerszberg D.^ORCID,Kobayashi Y.,Kubo H.^ORCID,Kushida J.^ORCID,Lamastra A.^ORCID,Lelas D.^ORCID,Leone F.^ORCID,Lindfors E.^ORCID,Lombardi S.^ORCID,Longo F.^ORCID,López-Coto R.^ORCID,López-Moya M.^ORCID,López-Oramas A.^ORCID,Loporchio S.^ORCID,Machado de Oliveira Fraga B.^ORCID,Maggio C.^ORCID,Majumdar P.^ORCID,Makariev M.^ORCID,Mallamaci M.^ORCID,Maneva G.^ORCID,Manganaro M.^ORCID,Mannheim K.^ORCID,Maraschi L.,Mariotti M.^ORCID,Martínez M.^ORCID,Mazin D.^ORCID,Menchiari S.,Mender S.^ORCID,Mićanović S.^ORCID,Miceli D.^ORCID,Miener T.,Minev M.,Miranda J. M.^ORCID,Mirzoyan R.^ORCID,Molina E.^ORCID,Moralejo A.^ORCID,Morcuende D.^ORCID,Moreno V.^ORCID,Moretti E.^ORCID,Neustroev V.^ORCID,Nigro C.^ORCID,Nilsson K.^ORCID,Nishijima K.^ORCID,Noda K.^ORCID,Nozaki S.^ORCID,Ohtani Y.,Oka T.^ORCID,Otero-Santos J.^ORCID,Paiano S.^ORCID,Palatiello M.^ORCID,Paneque D.^ORCID,Paoletti R.^ORCID,Paredes J. M.^ORCID,Pavletić L.^ORCID,Peñil P.,Perennes C.^ORCID,Persic M.^ORCID,Moroni P. G. Prada^ORCID,Prandini E.^ORCID,Priyadarshi C.^ORCID,Puljak I.^ORCID,Rhode W.^ORCID,Ribó M.^ORCID,Rico J.^ORCID,Righi C.^ORCID,Rugliancich A.^ORCID,Saha L.^ORCID,Sahakyan N.^ORCID,Saito T.,Sakurai S.,Satalecka K.^ORCID,Saturni F. G.^ORCID,Schleicher B.,Schmidt K.^ORCID,Schweizer T.,Sitarek J.^ORCID,Šnidarić I.,Sobczynska D.^ORCID,Spolon A.^ORCID,Stamerra A.^ORCID,Strom D.^ORCID,Strzys M.,Suda Y.^ORCID,Surić T.,Takahashi M.,Tavecchio F.^ORCID,Temnikov P.^ORCID,Terzić T.^ORCID,Teshima M.,Tosti L.,Truzzi S.,Tutone A.,Ubach S.,van Scherpenberg J.^ORCID,Vanzo G.^ORCID,Vazquez Acosta M.^ORCID,Ventura S.^ORCID,Verguilov V.^ORCID,Vigorito C. F.^ORCID,Vitale V.^ORCID,Vovk I.^ORCID,Will M.^ORCID,Wunderlich C.,Zarić D.^ORCID,Adams C. B.,Benbow W.^ORCID,Brill A.,Capasso M.,Christiansen J. L.^ORCID,Chromey A. J.,Daniel M. K.,Errando M.^ORCID,Farrell K. A,Feng Q.^ORCID,Finley J. P.,Fortson L.^ORCID,Furniss A.^ORCID,Gent A.,Giuri C.,Hassan T.,Hervet O.^ORCID,Holder J.,Hughes G.,Humensky T. B.,Jin W.^ORCID,Kaaret P.^ORCID,Kertzman M.,Kieda D.^ORCID,Kumar S.,Lang M. J.,Lundy M.,Maier G.^ORCID,Moriarty P.,Mukherjee R.^ORCID,Nieto D.,Nievas-Rosillo M.,O’Brien S.,Ong R. A.,Otte A. N.,Patel S.,Pfrang K.,Pohl M.^ORCID,Prado R. R.,Pueschel E.^ORCID,Quinn J.,Ragan K.,Reynolds P. T.,Ribeiro D.,Richards G. T.,Roache E.,Rulten C.,Ryan J. L.,Santander M.^ORCID,Sembroski G. H.,Shang R.,Weinstein A.,Williams D. A.,Williamson T. J,Hirota Tomoya^ORCID,Cui Lang^ORCID,Niinuma Kotaro^ORCID,Ro Hyunwook,Sakai Nobuyuki^ORCID,Sawada-Satoh Satoko^ORCID,Wajima Kiyoaki^ORCID,Wang Na,Liu Xiang,Yonekura Yoshinori^ORCID

Abstract

Abstract In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M ⊙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.

Publisher

American Astronomical Society

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

Link

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/abef71/pdf

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