Constraining the Effect of Convective Inhibition on the Thermal Evolution of Uranus and Neptune

Abstract

Abstract The internal heat flows of both Uranus and Neptune remain major outstanding problems in planetary science. Uranus’s surprisingly cold effective temperature is inconsistent with adiabatic thermal evolution models, while Neptune’s substantial internal heat flow is twice its received insolation. In this work, we constrain the magnitude of influence condensation, including latent heat and inhibition of convection, can have on the thermal evolution of these bodies. We find that while the effect can be significant, it is insufficient to solve the Uranus faintness problem on its own. Self-consistently considering the effects of both latent heat release and stable stratification, methane condensation can speed up the cooldown time of Uranus and Neptune by no more than 15%, assuming 5% molar methane abundance. Water condensation works in the opposite direction; water condensation can slow down the cooldown timescale of Uranus and Neptune by no more than 15%, assuming 12% molar water abundance. We also constrain the meteorological implications of convective inhibition. We demonstrate that sufficiently abundant condensates will relax to a state of radiative–convective equilibrium requiring finite activation energy to disrupt. We also comment on the importance of considering convective inhibition when modeling planetary interiors.