Simulating Secondary Electron and Ion Emission from the Cassini Spacecraft in Saturn’s Ionosphere

Author:

Zhang Z.ORCID,Desai R. T.ORCID,Shebanits O.ORCID,Johansson F. L.ORCID,Miyake Y.ORCID,Usui H.ORCID

Abstract

Abstract The Cassini spacecraft’s Grand Finale flybys through Saturn’s ionosphere provided unprecedented insight into the composition and dynamics of the gas giant’s upper atmosphere and a novel and complex spacecraft–plasma interaction. In this article, we further study Cassini’s interaction with Saturn’s ionosphere using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We focus on how electrons and ions, emitted from spacecraft surfaces due to the high-velocity impact of atmospheric water molecules, could have affected the spacecraft potential and low-energy plasma measurements. The simulations show emitted electrons extend upstream along the magnetic field, and for sufficiently high emission rates, charge the spacecraft to positive potentials. The lack of accurate emission rates and characteristics, however, makes differentiation between the prominence of secondary electron emission and ionospheric charged dust populations, which induce similar charging effects, difficult for Cassini. These results provide further context for Cassini’s final measurements and highlight the need for future laboratory studies to support high-velocity flyby missions through planetary and cometary ionospheres.

Funder

Royal Astronomical Society

UKRI ∣ Natural Environment Research Council

MEXT ∣ Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Innovative High Performance Computing Infrastructure

Swedish National Space Agency

Lennanders stifelse

Imperial College HPC

UKRI ∣ Science and Technology Facilities Council

Publisher

American Astronomical Society

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),Geophysics,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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