The TESS-Keck Survey. XVII. Precise Mass Measurements in a Young, High-multiplicity Transiting Planet System Using Radial Velocities and Transit Timing Variations
Author:
Beard CoreyORCID, Robertson PaulORCID, Dai FeiORCID, Holcomb RaeORCID, Lubin JackORCID, Akana Murphy Joseph M.ORCID, Batalha Natalie M.ORCID, Blunt SarahORCID, Crossfield Ian, Dressing CourtneyORCID, Fulton BenjaminORCID, Howard Andrew W.ORCID, Huber DanORCID, Isaacson HowardORCID, Kane Stephen R.ORCID, Nowak GrzegorzORCID, Petigura Erik AORCID, Roy ArpitaORCID, Rubenzahl Ryan A.ORCID, Weiss Lauren M.ORCID, Barrena Rafael, Behmard AidaORCID, Brinkman Casey L.ORCID, Carleo Ilaria, Chontos AshleyORCID, Dalba Paul A.ORCID, Fetherolf TaraORCID, Giacalone StevenORCID, Hill Michelle L.ORCID, Kawauchi Kiyoe, Korth JudithORCID, Luque RafaelORCID, MacDougall Mason G.ORCID, Mayo Andrew W.ORCID, Močnik TeoORCID, Morello GiuseppeORCID, Murgas FelipeORCID, Orell-Miquel JaumeORCID, Palle EnricORCID, Polanski Alex S.ORCID, Rice MalenaORCID, Scarsdale NicholasORCID, Tyler DakotahORCID, Van Zandt JudahORCID
Abstract
Abstract
We present a radial velocity (RV) analysis of TOI-1136, a bright Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) system with six confirmed transiting planets, and a seventh single-transiting planet candidate. All planets in the system are amenable to transmission spectroscopy, making TOI-1136 one of the best targets for intra-system comparison of exoplanet atmospheres. TOI-1136 is young (∼700 Myr), and the system exhibits transit timing variations (TTVs). The youth of the system contributes to high stellar variability on the order of 50 m s−1, much larger than the likely RV amplitude of any of the transiting exoplanets. Utilizing 359 High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and Automated Planet Finder RVs collected as part of the TESS-Keck Survey, and 51 High-Accuracy Radial velocity Planetary Searcher North RVs, we experiment with a joint TTV-RV fit. With seven possible transiting planets, TTVs, more than 400 RVs, and a stellar activity model, we posit that we may be presenting the most complex mass recovery of an exoplanet system in the literature to date. By combining TTVs and RVs, we minimized Gaussian process overfitting and retrieved new masses for this system: (m
b−g
=
3.50
−
0.7
+
0.8
,
6.32
−
1.3
+
1.1
,
8.35
−
1.6
+
1.8
,
6.07
−
1.01
+
1.09
,
9.7
−
3.7
+
3.9
,
5.6
−
3.2
+
4.1
M
⊕). We are unable to significantly detect the mass of the seventh planet candidate in the RVs, but we are able to loosely constrain a possible orbital period near 80 days. Future TESS observations might confirm the existence of a seventh planet in the system, better constrain the masses and orbital properties of the known exoplanets, and generally shine light on this scientifically interesting system.
Funder
National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Swedish National Space Agency
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Subject
Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics
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