Abstract
Abstract
The relative sunspot number is one of the major parameters for the study of long-term solar activity. The automatic calculation of the relative sunspot number is more stable and accurate as compared to manual methods. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can detect sunspots, and divide them into groups to automatically calculate the relative sunspot number. Mathematical morphology was adopted to detect sunspots then group them. The data set used were the continuum images from SDO/HMI. The process was carried out on the overall HMI data available on the timespan from 2022 January to 2023 May with a time cadence of one day. The experimental results indicated that the method achieved high accuracy of 85.3%. It was well fitted with the international relative sunspot number provided by Solar Influences Data Analysis Center (CC = 0.91). We calculated the conversion factor K value of SDO/HMI for calculating the relative sunspots number (K = 1.03).
Funder
the Academic Research Projects of Beijing University
the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Subject
Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics