The Effect of Multiple Low-mass Flybys Can Preserve the Orbit of Neptune-like Objects in Slightly Perturbed Orbits in Star Formation Clusters

Abstract

Abstract The objective of this work is focused on solving the problem in the regular theory where the strong effects of single impacts on proplanetary particles in the early stages of the Solar system can noticeably perturb the orbit of inner planets such as Neptune. As a first-approach solution, I propose that multiple low-mass flybys can produce the observed orbit of a Neptune-like particle. I calculated the effects of four subsequent flybys to know the difference between their effects and the effect of a massive encounter. The effects of multiple low-mass impacts deliver lower eccentricities and inclinations of the planetary particle compared to the result produced by the single encounter.