Modeling of Radio Supernovae: Including the Effects of Inhomogeneities and Radiative Cooling

Abstract

Abstract The presence of inhomogeneities in a spatially unresolved source is often hard to establish. This limits the accuracy with which the source properties can be determined. It is shown how observed features not expected for a homogeneous model can be used to infer the properties of the inhomogeneities in radio supernovae. Furthermore, the observed consequences of radiative cooling can be seriously affected by inhomogeneities. It is shown that the deduced source properties are very sensitive to the observed value of the cooling frequency; even a lower limit is often useful to constrain its characteristics. It is argued that the main synchrotron emission region in SN 2003L has a small volume filling factor, possibly as low as a few percent. On the contrary, deviations from homogeneity are substantially smaller in SN 2002ap. The observed properties of Type Ib/c radio supernovae in general indicate the volume filling factor to remain rather constant with time for individual sources, but those peaking later at radio frequencies have lower filling factors. The conditions in the main synchrotron component in both SN 2003L and SN 2002ap are consistent with equipartition of energy between relativistic electrons and magnetic fields.