Photometric and Spectroscopic Observations of GRB 190106A: Emission from Reverse and Forward Shocks with Late-time Energy Injection

Author:

Zhu Zi-PeiORCID,Xu DongORCID,Fynbo Johan P. U.ORCID,Fu Shao-Yu,Zhang Jun-Bo,Liu Xing,Jiang Shuai-Qing,Xiao ShuoORCID,Xie WeiORCID,Zou Yuan-ChuanORCID,Gao HeORCID,Hartmann DieterORCID,de Ugarte Postigo AntonioORCID,Kann David AlexanderORCID,Valle Massimo DellaORCID,Jakobsson PallORCID,Zafar TayyabaORCID,D’Elia Valerio,Xin Li-PingORCID,Wei Jian-Yan,Gao XingORCID,Liu Jin-Zhong,Lu Tian-Hua,Lei Wei-HuaORCID

Abstract

Abstract Early optical observations of gamma-ray bursts can significantly contribute to the study of the central engine and physical processes therein. However, of the thousands observed so far, only a few have data at optical wavelengths in the first minutes after the onset of the prompt emission. Here we report on GRB 190106A, whose afterglow was observed in optical bands just 36 s after the Swift/BAT trigger, i.e., during the prompt emission phase. The early optical afterglow exhibits a bimodal structure followed by a normal decay, with a faster decay after ∼T 0 + 1 day. We present optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of GRB 190106A. We derive the redshift via metal absorption lines from Xinglong 2.16 m/BFOSC spectroscopic observations. From the BFOSC spectrum, we measure z = 1.861 ± 0.002. The double-peak optical light curve is a significant feature predicted by the reverse-forward external-shock model. The shallow decay followed by a normal decay in both the X-ray and optical light curves is well explained with the standard forward-shock model with late-time energy injection. Therefore, GRB 190106A offers a case study for GRB emission from both reverse and forward shocks.

Funder

MOST ∣ National Key Research and Development Program of China

NSFC ∣ National Natural Science Foundation of China - State Grid Corporation Joint Fund for Smart Grid

China Manned Space Project

Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Foundation

National SKA program of China

Publisher

American Astronomical Society

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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