Ground-based and JWST Observations of SN 2022pul. I. Unusual Signatures of Carbon, Oxygen, and Circumstellar Interaction in a Peculiar Type Ia Supernova

Author:

Siebert Matthew R.ORCID,Kwok Lindsey A.ORCID,Johansson JoelORCID,Jha Saurabh W.ORCID,Blondin StéphaneORCID,Dessart LucORCID,Foley Ryan J.ORCID,Hillier D. JohnORCID,Larison ConorORCID,Pakmor RüdigerORCID,Temim TeaORCID,Andrews Jennifer E.ORCID,Auchettl KatieORCID,Badenes CarlesORCID,Barna BarnabasORCID,Bostroem K. AzaleeORCID,Brenner Newman Max J.ORCID,Brink Thomas G.ORCID,Bustamante-Rosell María JoséORCID,Camacho-Neves YssavoORCID,Clocchiatti AlejandroORCID,Coulter David A.ORCID,Davis Kyle W.ORCID,Deckers MaximeORCID,Dimitriadis GeorgiosORCID,Dong YizeORCID,Farah JosephORCID,Filippenko Alexei V.ORCID,Flörs AndreasORCID,Fox Ori D.ORCID,Garnavich PeterORCID,Padilla Gonzalez EstefaniaORCID,Graur OrORCID,Hambsch Franz-JosefORCID,Hosseinzadeh GriffinORCID,Howell D. AndrewORCID,Hughes John P.ORCID,Kerzendorf Wolfgang E.ORCID,Le Saux Xavier K.ORCID,Maeda KeiichiORCID,Maguire KateORCID,McCully CurtisORCID,Mihalenko CassidyORCID,Newsome MeganORCID,O’Brien John T.ORCID,Pearson JeniveveORCID,Pellegrino CraigORCID,Pierel Justin D. R.ORCID,Polin AbigailORCID,Rest ArminORCID,Rojas-Bravo CésarORCID,Sand David J.ORCID,Schwab MichaelaORCID,Shahbandeh MelissaORCID,Shrestha ManishaORCID,Smith NathanORCID,Strolger Louis-GregoryORCID,Szalai TamásORCID,Taggart KirstyORCID,Terreran GiacomoORCID,Terwel Jacco H.ORCID,Tinyanont SamapornORCID,Valenti StefanoORCID,Vinkó JózsefORCID,Wheeler J. CraigORCID,Yang YiORCID,Zheng WeiKangORCID,Ashall ChrisORCID,DerKacy James M.ORCID,Galbany LluísORCID,Hoeflich PeterORCID,Hsiao EricORCID,de Jaeger ThomasORCID,Lu JingORCID,Maund JustynORCID,Medler KyleORCID,Morrell NidiaORCID,Shappee Benjamin J.ORCID,Stritzinger MaximilianORCID,Suntzeff NicholasORCID,Tucker MichaelORCID,Wang LifanORCID

Abstract

Abstract Nebular-phase observations of peculiar Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) provide important constraints on progenitor scenarios and explosion dynamics for both these rare SNe and the more common, cosmologically useful SNe Ia. We present observations from an extensive ground- and space-based follow-up campaign to characterize SN 2022pul, a super-Chandrasekhar mass SN Ia (alternatively “03fg-like” SN), from before peak brightness to well into the nebular phase across optical to mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths. The early rise of the light curve is atypical, exhibiting two distinct components, consistent with SN Ia ejecta interacting with dense carbon–oxygen (C/O)-rich circumstellar material (CSM). In the optical, SN 2022pul is most similar to SN 2012dn, having a low estimated peak luminosity (M B = −18.9 mag) and high photospheric velocity relative to other 03fg-like SNe. In the nebular phase, SN 2022pul adds to the increasing diversity of the 03fg-like subclass. From 168 to 336 days after peak B-band brightness, SN 2022pul exhibits asymmetric and narrow emission from [O i] λ λ6300, 6364 (FWHM ≈ 2000 km s−1), strong, broad emission from [Ca ii] λ λ7291, 7323 (FWHM ≈ 7300 km s−1), and a rapid Fe iii to Fe ii ionization change. Finally, we present the first ever optical-to-MIR nebular spectrum of an 03fg-like SN Ia using data from JWST. In the MIR, strong lines of neon and argon, weak emission from stable nickel, and strong thermal dust emission (with T ≈ 500 K), combined with prominent [O i] in the optical, suggest that SN 2022pul was produced by a white dwarf merger within C/O-rich CSM.

Funder

Space Telescope Science Institute

Publisher

American Astronomical Society

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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1. Keck Infrared Transient Survey. I. Survey Description and Data Release 1;Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific;2024-01-01

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