A Distance-deviation Consistency and Model-independent Method to Test the Cosmic Distance–Duality Relation

Abstract

Abstract A distance-deviation consistency and model-independent method to test the cosmic distance–duality relation (CDDR) is provided. This method is worthy of attention for two reasons. First, a distance-deviation consistency method is used to pair subsamples: instead of pairing subsamples with redshift deviations smaller than a value of, say, . The redshift deviation between subsamples decreases with the redshift to ensure the distance deviation stays the same. The method selects more subsamples at high redshift, up to z = 2.16, and provides 120 subsample pairs. Second, the model-independent method involves the latest data set of 1048 SNe Ia and 205 strong gravitational lensing systems (SGLS), which are used to obtain the luminosity distances D L and the ratio of angular diameter distance D A , respectively. With the model-independent method, parameters of the CDDR, the SNe Ia light curve, and the SGLS are fitted simultaneously. The result shows that and CDDR is validated at the 1σ confidence level in the form of .