Charge States, Helium Abundance, and FIP Bias of the Interplanetary CMEs Classified by Flares and Hot Channels

Abstract

Abstract Identifying the material source of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is crucial for understanding the generation mechanisms of CMEs. The composition parameters of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) associated with different activities on the Sun may be diverse, as the materials come from distinct regions or are generated by different processes. We classified ICMEs into three types by associated activities on the Sun, with (T1) and without (T3) flares and hot channels, and only associated with flares (T2). The composition parameters of each type of ICMEs were analyzed. We found that all CMEs with hot channels are accompanied by flares, and strong flares are all associated with hot channels in our database. The average length of the filaments in T1 cases are much shorter than those in T3 cases. The average charge states of iron (Q Fe) and helium abundance (A He) for T3 ICMEs are less than 12% and 7%, respectively. The Q Fe and A He for T1 ICMEs present clear bimodal distributions with the minimum between two peaks at 12% and 7%, respectively. Nearly two-thirds of the hot plasma (with higher Q Fe) inside ICMEs is associated with higher A He. The Q Fe and A He are both positively correlated with the flare intensities. The A He and filament scales are not explicitly linked to each other. The statistical results demonstrate that the material contribution of the filaments to ICMEs is low and more than half of the hot materials inside ICMEs originate from the chromosphere in our database. We suggest that they are heated by the chromospheric evaporation process at the hot channel (flux rope) footpoint regions before and/or during the flaring process.