1. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (S.T.)
2. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale–New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut (J.S.R., H.M.K.)
3. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale–New Haven Hospital, and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (N.R.D.)
4. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale–New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut (J.D.R., G.M.G.)
5. Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (R.L.)
6. Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut (J.B.)
7. The BMJ, London, United Kingdom (S.S., T.G.)
8. Yale University School of Medicine, Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut (C.P.G.)