1. Department of Medicine and Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (P.G.L.)
2. Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (D.A.D.)
3. Department of Surgery, Institute for Health Informatics, and Center for Learning Health System Sciences, University of Minnesota, and Fairview Health Services, Minneapolis, Minnesota (G.B.M.)
4. Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California (K.S.)
5. Institute for Informatics, Data Science, and Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri (P.R.O.P.).