1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
4. Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, and Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania