1. Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, and Penn Injury Science Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (E.J.K.)
2. Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.S., M.J.S.)
3. University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.X.)
4. Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Penn Injury Science Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K.D.)